Buying a House in Todays Economy Essay Example for Free

Buying a House in Todays Economy EssayThe delivery can doctor or break m any(prenominal) decisivenesss and on buying a household is a major one to make sure that the economy is in a good state that buying a house is not the right decision. When it comes to the marginal benefit the economy should be at an increase because purchasing the house is not anything that needs to be done but it is something that one wants to do and if the economy is bad then there is not any capital uncommitted to make the extra purchase of buying a home at that time. Marginal ost in purchasing a house can affect economy by the simple fact of saving money here and there on some things in order to make sure that that they have money available to buy the house. The selling of the products they might have bought will decrease the economies profits. The removal of tax deduction on the mortgage interest affects the housing securities industry because it will cause people to not be buying houses because s ome see the tax as a cushion for them to be able to pull out a house that they may not have had a chance to et based on their income.If they do not have a feeling of refuge in purchasing a home they will not take the chance. The ways that government spends money on other things and the taxes make a decision a bit harder because a person Just wants to make sure that buying the house will not result in not having any money to do anything else. If the government ends up spending money on things not needed then there will not be exuberant money in banks and other finance resources that can help a person purchase a home.

Advantages Of Unit Banking Essay Example for Free

Advantages Of building block Banking Essay1.local anesthetic DevelopmentUnit relying is localized banking. The unit bank has the specialised knowledge of the local problems and serves the requirements of the local mess in a better manner than branch banking. The funds of the locality are utilised for the local development and are not transferred to other areas 2.Promotes regional BalanceUnder unit banking system, there is no transfer of resources from rural and backward areas to the big industrial commercial centres. This tends to reduce regional in balance. 3.Easy steeringThe management and supervision of a unit bank is much easier and more effective than that chthonic branch banking system. There are less chances of fraud and irregularities in the financial management of the unit banks. 4.Initiative in Banking BusinessUnit banks have full knowledge of and greater involvement in the local problems. They are in a position to take initiative to tackle these problems through financial help.5.No Monopolistic TendenciesUnit banks are generally of small size. Thus, there is no chess opening of generating monopolistic tendencies under unit banking system. 6.No Inefficient BranchesUnder unit banking system, weak and inefficient branches are automatically eliminated. No protection is provided to such banks. 7.No diseconomies of Large crustal plate OperationsUnit banking is free from the diseconomies and problems of large-scale operations which are generally experienced by the branch banks. 8.Easy Management and ControlUnder unit banking system, it becomes really easy for a single office to manage and control efficiently.9.Close Management and Workers RelationshipUnder unit banking system, there prevails a close and cordial kind between employer and employees. 10.Quick DecisionThe owners or the management of unit banks can take quick decision and prompt action in times of emergencies. 11.Use of Local ResourcesLocal financial resources are used for local de velopment. 12.Lesser Fraud and IrregularitiesDue to the less scattered affairs of the bank, there are very little possibilities of fraud and irregularities.Disadvantages Of Unit Banking1.No. Distribution of RisksUnder unit banking, the bank operations are highly localised. Therefore, there is little possibility of distribution and diversification of risks in various areas and industries. 2.Inability to nerve CrisisLimited resources of the unit banks also restrict their abilityto face financial crisis. These banks are not in a position to stand a abrupt rush of withdrawals. 3.No Banking Development in Backward AreasUnit banks, because of their limits resources, cannot afford to open uneconomic banking business is smaller towns and rural area. As such, these area remain unbanked. 4.Lack of long suitUnit banks, because of their small size, are not able to introduce, and get advantages of, division of labor and specialization. Such banks cannot afford to employ highly trained and spe cialized staff.5.Costly remit of FundsA unit bank has no branches at other place. As a result, it has to depend upon the correspondent banks for transfer of funds which is very expensive. 6.Disparity in Interest RatesSince easy and cheap movement of does not exist under the unit banking system, interest rates vary considerably at incompatible places. 7.Local PressuresSince unit banks are highly localised in their business, local pressures and interferences generally disrupt their normal functioning. 8.Undesirable CompetitionUnit banks are independently run by different managements. This results in undesirable competition among different unit banks.9.Limited Size of OperationUnit bank business can not be operated on large scale because of its limited area. Being the small organisation, division of labour can not be applied. 10.No Economy of ReservesUnder unit banking, bank can not transfer its funds to any other branch. So economy in cash reserve can not be secured under this syste m. 11.Limited Financial ResourcesA unit bank has limited financial resources so it is not able to provide full and adequate banking facilities to the industry and trade of the area. 12.Investment of slog FundsA unit bank having no other branches, can not utilize its idle funds in profitable ways.

Accounting Student Internship Report

Accounting Student Internship ReportChio Lim St maven Forest (CLSF) was founded in 1985 and it started from a textile centre in Jalan Sultan to the present Wilkie environ in Sophia road. CLSF is a member of RSM International, the 6th largest accounting and consulting firms worldwide, with 736 offices in 76 offices. Member root words in RSM International unite together to offer their clients the premier fictitious character of services.In Singapore, CLSF is the first Certified Public Accountant (CPA) firm to be ISO 9002 certified and largest CPA firm outside the Big 4. It has extensive experiences with all sizes of clients unless caters best to the mid markets in terms of giving advisory services. It also offers a wide spectrum of line of work services (see Appendix 1) that caters to every stages of a business growth. Their value system which consists of passion, proactive, practical, personal, perseverance, progressive and professional forms the guiding principle of their servi ce delivery.CLSF has an afford platform where there is no bias towards any race, religion and language. Having an open platform is important as it helps to create a harmonious working environment. In terms of the number of employees, it has 572 staff from 17 nationalities, comprising of 19 partners and 15 directors shortly (see Appendix 2). With regards to the taxation earned, it is ranked 10th among the member groups in RSM International (see Appendix 3).In addition, CLSF is committed to being a socially responsible sess by contributing back to the society through sponsoring book prizes, bursaries and giving donations to charitable organisations.What benefits CLSF different from any big four firms is that it is ambitious-grown oriented. Building on practiced competence, proactive client servicing and an obligation to integrity and professionalism enables CLSP to provide value-added services to clients to help their businesses grow. This can be seen from the fact that the numb er of employees in the company grew by 17% per annum for the past 22 years due to more than and larger clients i.e. mentioned companies.Description of job/work assigned (500-600) 594 dustupI learnt to perform take stock for an investment holding company (ELC Success Pte Ltd). At the start of examine, I prepared function schedule using the clients management accounts i.e. trial balance publish. victimisation previous years template as a have, I transferred the final canvased accounted figures to the last year figures column (2009) in circulating(prenominal) years template and then(prenominal) keyed in current year (2010) figures under the unaudited figures. I would ensure the figures in the respective sections such as cash and cash equivalents tied to twain balance sheet and profit and loss report forrader I start my audit planning.I read the previous years file to comport a remedy clearing of the client and take note of any outstanding matters for this years audit. I then proceeded with the completion of planning forms such as interlocking risk questionnaire, independence questionnaire, physicalness aim form etc to understand the clients business. Engagement risk questionnaire helps to identify the risk level through factors like ownership, management, business environment, financial and liquidity considerations to determine if we should accept/reject the audit. Independence questionnaire is an evaluation of the companys compliance with ethical standards and to ensure that there are no threats to independence. Materiality determination form documents the calculation of planning materiality which guides the extent of the audit procedures performed. It enables us to propose either adjusting or waiver audit adjustments based on the materiality limit.After complementary the planning forms, I arranged for an internal planning meeting with my manager. The meeting highlighted any matters that I had to take note for this years audit such as investm ent property, both current and deferred taxes and to review my planning forms at the same time. Once the forms were approved and signed by my manager, I started my audit fieldwork by following the audit procedures closely in the manual audit programme sheets (MAPS) on the various sections like revenue etc. I obtained the outline of revenue and chequered the casts. After which, I agree to the ledger and cross reference the supporting analysis to the lead schedule. I also reviewed and documented the clients revenue recognition policy. For the section on revenue from the use of assets, I performed rental reasonableness test to test the completeness for the quantity of units of assets owned by the company and checked the total revenue by applying the rates in the rental contract. In addition, I scanned the journals to identify any major or unusual transactions.After completing the programme sheets on the different sections, I drafted current years financial statements, with the help o f an accounting guidelines book and previous years financial statements. I revise the wordings according to the book and updated the current years figures based on the audited figures in the lead schedules.In addition, I was also taught how to do an accounts strike-off for a company that is twisting up (Austro Asia Pte Ltd). The purpose of doing a strike-off is to close and zero-rise all accounts. I had to ensure that all expenses are taken up till the date of the strike-off before shutdown the accounts. Hence, I would look at the bank statement for any movements in the cashbook. Then, I passed adjustments to record any expenses that were incurred i.e. filing, audit and XBRL fees but not yet record in the general ledger for that year. I also did statutory audit to certify that the register of members is accurate and there were no changes to be made. After that, I would prepare and send the confirmations to the directors for approval.Learning experiences come uponments (300-400 w ords per section)Before my internship, I was thinking Would there be amble opportunities for me to experience the liveness of an auditor since I am only an intern? This question was answered after 3 months in CLSF. Indeed, I have gained naked experience and skills that would prepare me well for the working environment.Interpersonal Skills 396 wordsI am more proactive in terms of request questions whenever I faced any doubts. This arises because I hope to be given more opportunities to learn and make the most of every opportunity. As such, I would consolidate my doubts and ask whenever I faced anything that is not familiar. Initiative starts with I and it helps a component part to take the initiative to clarify doubts.I keep an open mind some new audit procedures as it is impossible for me to know everything. My first engagement was the most difficult and longest task to complete. I consulted my superiors and the task was made easier with them explaining to me on what I should do. I am grateful that they were always there to guide and assist me.This was very different from my character in school where I tend to be quieter. I would ask questions at the end of the lessons because I do not want to interrupt the class and I am afraid of asking irrelevant questions. As such, I would consult my friends first before desire help from my tutors.Working as an intern has also taught me to be more determined. There is no such thing as failure, but only feedback. all setback that I faced enables me to move on and become a stronger person. An example was when I was the auditor-in-charge for a small client. When I saw the review points, I was not disappointed as it was my first time attempting it. In fact, I was eager to know my mistakes and learn from it. This clearly shows that I am someone who adopts a never say die attitude where I am willing to accept and learn from my mistakes. It gives me ability to improve as a person sooner of giving up.Similarly, I had this attitude of determination and willingness to learn in school. I had difficulties coping with my studies initially as I could not adapt to the Polytechnic life where they adopt lectures style. However, I tried my best and gave myself ample time to get used to the teaching style. I was eager to learn accounting modules as I enjoyed studying a subject that I like. Hence, I was determined to do well and my hard work eventually paid off when I was awarded the Directors list for 2008 and 2009.Teamwork 380 wordsBuilding squad spirit is necessary for a team to come together to achieve a common goal-quality audit. Teamwork is important, especially in an audit department, since we are grouped into different teams. Teamwork enhances our skills of coordination, communication and in a way allows us to see the bigger picture.I have learnt to be a better team player when I was first involved in an audit engagement with my 2 seniors. I also realised the significance of trust when my team members are allocated to work on the different sections of the audit work document. Hence, we have to trust that one performs his allocated task accurately especially when some sections of the working papers are linked together. For example, I was tasked to do 2 sections mainly, sales completeness test on the sales commission income and art receivables confirmation. When I did the section on the sales commission income, I had to rely on the section on trade receivables confirmation as one of the audit procedures is to verify those unpaid invoice to trade receivables ageing for completeness. This audit procedure ensures that there is existence of sales even though the amount has not been paid.Furthermore, I was involved in a group presentation where my team members have to present the MAPS on the topic of completion and finalisation of audit. We had our first meeting and it was awkward at first as we were not familiar with one another. However, things were better after introducing ourselv es. I also realised that a team needs a leader In locate to progress. My senior led the discussion and we began to share our opinions and thoughts on the presentation materials,Similarly, in both project work and CCA, I have to cooperate with my team mates to achieve common goals. I enjoyed myself working in teams because we enjoy the fruit of the labour together when everyone cooperates. I also believe that two heads are better than one as there will be always more ideas, which we could improve on and learn from one another, as compared to an individual. There is a saying that goes T.E.A.M. together Everyone Achieves More In a way, teamwork leads to effective learning and work allocation which is crucial in a working environment. in force(p) Communication 352 wordsEffective communication is a key aspect in carrying out audit work. Without it, no work could ever be accomplished. Having effective communication also helps to shew good rapport with clients through audit fieldwork.I have learnt the significance of effective communication when I had to request source documents from a Japanese client. As she could only understand basic slope, I had to use words that are more simplified to communicate with her so that she could understand and get back to me. I was also questioned for the reasons of requesting invoices and sales contracts from her and I had to explain to her. Hence, a key challenge that I faced would be asking the right questions. It is only through asking the right questions and then listening to the responses that information is obtained on the issue being discussed.As such, listening skills is an integral part of communication. Being an active listener enables me to understand better and know more opinions. This was evident when I was involved in my group presentation meeting. Instead of leading the whole discussion, I listened to everyones views first before sharing with them my thoughts. We incorporated some views which we thought were usefu l and seek everyones agreement before reaching a conclusion.Working as an intern helps me to improve my interaction and communication skills because I have to communicate daily with my various managers, seniors, and clients on the job. It is also unnoticeable that I tend to be more conscious when I communicate with someone who is of a higher level. I would always think and form the sentence in my head before speaking to my seniors and managers.I am someone who is not proficient at English language since young. However, I have attended many English speaking and writing courses to improve my English language. Having enrolled in business communication classes for 3 years has gained my confidence in public speaking and the ability to write more fluently and professionally. In order to improve my English language, I would often reach office early to keep myself updated with the recent news.Continuous learning and growth 394 wordsLearning is never ending and each is growing continuously. For me, I think that continuous training and skills development is critical because an individual who possess the right combination of skills would increase a companys productivity. CLSFs director, Mr Tay, also mentioned that in a CPA firm, an individual becomes more valuable when he grows older due to experiences. I strongly agree with his statement.Within these 3 months, I have attended 4 workshops to upgrade myself with the latest international commercial (INCO) terms, revised FRS 2010, Microsoft Word training for the preparation of audit report and audit 1B.The soft skills which I have acquired would be the use of Microsoft Word to prepare audit report. I was taught to use several(prenominal) useful functions that would assist me in qualification my amendments and these functions include the use of cell reference specific sum formulae, using bookmark to link figures from the Notes to the Financial Statements and using the Index And Tables feature to bewilder the Table Of Cont ents of the audit report. This workshop enabled me to understand what the formulas mean and how the figures are linked together. This makes it easier for me to know how the rest of the data in the reports are affected when making my amendments.This is in contrast in school where I had a module entitled Decision SpreadSheets where I learnt more about Microsoft Excel applications such as creating pivot tables, macros and charts. I was also taught of the different functions in Microsoft Excel like sum, if etc. In a way, I could apply the information technology (IT) skills which I have learnt for my audit work. This would help me to be a more efficient and effective auditor in preparing audit reports.As for the technical skills, I was introduced to the new version of MAPS in the audit 1B workshop. This workshop is very useful as it provided me a clearer insight and a deeper understanding of the steps and reasons to perform audit procedures in the different sections of the working papers . I was also taught on communication skills, extensible business reporting language (XBRL) and basic taxes.This is different where I learnt more about the theory of audit in school, as compared to the practical way of performing an audit in a working environment. Therefore, I could use my audit knowledge and apply in my audit work.Relate an incident (300-400 Words) 398 wordsThe incident all started when the 2010 version of MAPS in the lotus notes (companys database) was introduced. Most of the audit programme forms were new, especially on materiality determination. We would normally use the higher of net assets or total assets for the materiality limit. However, I was told to use normalised comprehensive income before income tax so that I could test the revenue amount.When I did the dispraise reasonableness test, I realised that the difference in depreciation expense amount is material. Therefore, I had to make current year and prior year adjustments to correct the depreciation exp ense as the client had over-depreciated in the previous years. Then, I realised my unaudited figures for investment property, depreciation expenses and kept up(p) earnings were wrong. I immediately edited the lead schedule and did my statement of cash flows. The statement of cash flows did not tie despite attempting for several times.I attempted the lead schedule again and realised that there were some mistakes which affected my statement of cash flows. I consulted my senior and she explained to me about the particular proposition i.e. deferred tax which I had not taken into account. After correcting the mistakes, I submitted the audit file when I suddenly realised that I forgot to change the net profit before tax figure in the income taxes programme form. I immediately rushed my work as I had yet to change the figures in my lead schedules and all the statements and I had to submit the file that day. After attempting the programme on income taxes, I discovered that there would be no impact on current taxes figures because taxes are calculated based on rental income and not net profit before tax.After that incident, I told myself to be more composed and meticulous. I should not rush haphazardly but give myself ample time to think about the impact of depreciation expense on the financial statements i.e. expenses, income taxes and retained earnings first before editing my lead schedules and statements. This would save time and effort.If I ever faced with this situation again, I would learn to stay silence and take one step at a time. I would ensure I have edited all figures in the lead schedules accurately by checking the audit programme forms to ensure that I have made my prior year adjustments before completing my statement of cash flows

Analysis of Disneys Pocahontas Film Adaptation

Analysis of Disneys Pocahontas Film AdaptationThe White Mans IndianPocahontas is the 33rd movie that was produced by the Walt Disney Animation on 1995. The Disney Pocahontas focuses virtually the Native American finishing and how the American settled in their vill long time Powhatan which is now known as Virginia. In fact, the Pocahontas movie is based on a true myth of a brave Powhatan woman who is whose original name was Matoaka who helped brought peace to her citizenry and to the colonists who tried to settle in their land. The Disney movies was inspired by Matoakas story so, they do an animated adjustment of it. The movie was praised because of the great animation and music exclusively aside from that, it was also criticized because of historical inaccuracy. Roy Disneys whos the pctner and co-founder of Walt Disneys Company answered that their film was responsible, accurate and respectful. However, the Powhatan Nation wasnt happy about the result of the movie because some part of the real story was altered in the name of entertainment. They also mentioned that they offered assist to Disney for cultural and historical accuracy but they were rejected. How Disney movie changed the real story of Pocahontas for entertainment and to constrain it much appropriate for all audiences. The changes that has been made in the story are clear. As an example of that is the age and appearance of Pocahontas and arse metalworker. Also, the love story that only existed in the Disney movies. And, how the Disney production never showed the part where Pocahontas died.Firstly, Pocahontas age and appearance was changed same as behind metalworker in the Disneys version of Pocahontas. In the real story, Pocahontas was only 11 years old when she met tin Smith who was already 28 years old by that time. John Smith is supposed to be a short man with a little bit of a chubby body. However, in the Disney movie, Pocahontas looked like shes closely on the same age as John Smith who appears to be 22 years old. Furthermore, they created John Smith who looked like a common Disney prince trance that is tall, muscular, and handsome. They made this changes to make the two characters more relevant to each other and to make the story more romantic. Disney production did changed Pocahontas and John Smiths character to make their roles more pleasing to watch and for them to build a story between the two of them.Secondly, the love story that existed in the movies between Pocahontas and John Smith was only made up. In the Disney movie, Pocahontas fell in love by the bravery and kindness of John Smith by knowing her more and helped her brought peace to stop his people and Powhatans nation from fighting. Well in fact, the real story doesnt say anything about Pocahontas and Smith being in love. Since Pocahontas was only 11 years old, and John Smith is 28 years old, it is impossible for them to fall in love. It is also confirmed that it is common for Powhatan Indian chi ldren to wear little or no clothing. So, they believed that Pocahontas was naked when she met John Smith. And John Smith would have seen her as a normal Indian child at that time. The real story only confirmed that Pocahontas saved John Smith from being beheaded by the Chief Powhatan and nothing deeper goes beyond that. It is a clear example that Disneys production wanted to give the story enjoyable and entertaining for the audience.Lastly, the Disney animation changed the part where Pocahontas went to England and eliminates the part where Pocahontas died. They excluded that part of the story to make the scene light for the audience to take in. An example of that was when Pocahontas volunteered to go to England to see the office and to stop them from fighting with Powhatans people. This is also the time where she met John Rolfe. She was imprisoned because of accusing the King. But was eventually saved by Smith and Rolfe. It was corrupted because the real story doesnt tell this. Th e real story is that Pocahontas visited the England where she was held hostage and imprisoned. John Rolfe saw Pocahontas as attractive and took a special interest in her. As a trail of Pocahontas release she has to marry Rolfe who was commercializing tobacco. Moreover, Pocahontas died later as she planned to go back to Virginia with John Rolfe and their Son. But she got sick because she has no immunity in European diseases and died. However, the part where she died was never included because it would not fit to their previous Disney animation movies that have happy conclusions.The changes that the Disney animations made in the story of Pocahontas like the age and appearance of Pocahontas and John Smith. Also, the love story that only existed in the Disney movies and how the Disney production never showed the part where Pocahontas died. But, they are more historical inaccuracy in the movies. Thats also the reason until now, it is still a big issue not only to Powhatans Nation but al so the Native American people. All Disney movies are created with a happy conclusion to make us believe that which doesnt likely to happen in real life. Disney movies only proves that their altered story was meant to entertain us.Works Citedhttp//listverse.com/2016/10/07/10-horrific-stories-disney-left-out-of-pocahontas/https//www.bustle.com/articles/91394-6-historical-inaccuracies-in-disneys-pocahontas-but-that-doesnt-mean-you-stop-painting-with-all

Social Networking Websites Usage Towards Academic Performance Education Essay

complaisant Networking Websites Usage Towards Academic Performance Education EssayThis chapter covers about the literature review on the Social Networking Sites (SNS) usage towards academic operation. The resources riding habit in this chapter such as books and articles ar from e-book available in the meshing and Perpustakaan Tun Abdul Razak (PTAR) collections. The collections employ are primary and secondary sources which were obtained from the interviews, printed and online variate of books and articles. The articles used are available in PTAR library informationbases such as Science Direct, Emerald solicitude Extra, H.W. Wilson, ProQuest and others. The journal titles that were referred to are Computers in Human Behavior, Computers Education, Computers and Composition and numerous more. The keywords used during the searching process such as Social Networking Sites (SNS), Facebook, Computer and profits use, SNS and student performance. This chapter will cover five sec tions which are calculating machine and Internet use, fond networking use, SNS and academic performance, factors of use SNS and also usefulness of SNS towards student performance.2.1 Academic performanceIn nurtureal institutions, students usually being analyses and evaluate based on their performance in their academic. It refers to how students deal with their studies and how they cope with or accomplish different tasks given to them by their t apieceers. Besides that, academic performance also basin be analysed in term of the skill of the students to contract and remember facts and the ability to communicate their companionship verbally or in written form.Azizi Hj. Yahaya (2004) stated that thither are four factors that influence students academic performance which are roles of teachers or schools, peers, parents and the students themselves. He stated that the roles of students covered the aspects of the nature of the learning process, the goals of the learning process, con struction of knowledge, strategic opinion and finally on thinking about thinking. He then explained that the successful student should be an active, goal-directed, self-regulating, and assume private responsibility for contributing to their own learning. It can be think that the academic performance was reflects by the factors that influence the outcomes of successful students during their learning process. However, the students themselves should determine their goals and lead their selves so that they can achieve successful results in their academic performance.Kirschner and Karpinski (2010) revealed that it is difficult to measure the academic performance especially in term of defining the academic performance itself. There are m whatever ship canal to measure the academic performance either utilise the GPA or the grade such as A, B, C, D, and F). Other than that, the look forer should relate the academic performance with the amount of time spent studying such as workaday, w eekly or monthly. Based on Karpinski (2009), academic performance is conceptualized differently among schools, states and countries. Therefore, he stated that there is no accurate definition on the way to measure academic performance.2.2 Computer and Internet useIn the entropy Age, Information Technology (IT) and Internet skills are becoming increasingly important, and those without these skills are at a disadvantage economically and educationally. Schumacher and Morahan-Martin (2001) in their research prepare that the students had more movie to computers than to the Internet. The study imbed that males were more experienced and reported laster skill levels with the Internet than females, with the exception of e-mail. The students used email in order to have expeditiously exchange digital information with classmates. Almost one third of the first-grade students do non have their own e-mail address at home yet. The research also identified that more than half of the first-grad e students report that they use their computers at least once a week to look for information on the Internet small-arm one third of them used e-mail or chat from home almost every day. The findings also shows that a quarter of the students used the computer for this purpose every week and more than half use the computer every day for games or music.A research done by Tsai and Tsai (2010) found that there is no significant gender diversity in students total Internet Self-Efficacy Scale (ISES) scores. However, a significant difference was found in the communicative Internet Self-Efficacy (ISE) scores between genders while further subscale. The female students had significantly higher scores than did the male students in the dialogue subscale. It can be concluded that the girls held significantly more confidence than the boys regarding Internet communication.The study also shows that Internet use experience both genders had a medium level of Internet utilize experience in average. Therefore, there is no significant gender difference found in students Internet using experience. However, a significant gender difference was found in students weekly time spent where it identified that boys spent significant more time on using the Internet than did the girls every week.The study also found that there was a different purpose of using Internet among the genders where most of the girls used the Internet for searching, mailing, music listening, homework and talking while the boys mostly openinged the Internet for game playing, searching and music listening. This result send worded that boys and girls might have different interests or motivations in utilizing the Internet.McCarthy (2000) stated in his article that in the early 2000s, schools at all levels in many countries began to prepare all students for Internet literacy and to promote Internet-based learning for life-long learning. The result from Tsai and Lins (2004) research done in mainland China showed that the girls had significantly higher Internet self-efficacy than the boys while high school male students still had better Internet attitudes in some aspects.According to Hille (2009), the article mentioned that girlish students may immersed in online gaming, chatting or other online entertainment, and even become addicted if there is no effective management and supervision from their parents and teachers. The students may also denounce to pornographic and violent contents flooding the Internet.Wainer et al. (2008) found that from seven companionable economic classes, it shows that there is a decr sculptural relief in test performance among the jr. and the poorer students and their computer use is higher than other. Other than that, it also identified that there is a significant decrease in the grades of those who use computers more frequently when compared with those who neer use computers for assignments. While the poorest socioeconomic class shows that there is a 15% reduction in test scores.The research done by Yang and Tung (2008) showed that 236 subjects from a total of 1708 were identified as addicts using the eight-item Internet addiction using Internet addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire (DQ) developed by Young (1996b) to distinguish addicts from non-addicts . The findings showed that there are significant different levels of influence of the Internet between the Internet addicts and non-addicts in five aspects of life other than peer relations. The Internet addicts believed that the Internet negatively influenced their school learning, daily routines, health, and parental relations as well as teacher relations while the Internet positively influenced all six aspects of the lives of non-addicts. In previous studies, high school students displayed problematic consequences of Internet dependence, for casing, skipping meals, losing quiet and study time, increasing financial costs for on-line activity, and rearranging daily routines or even neglecting studies to set down more time online (Brenner, 1996 Egger Rauterberg, 1996 Young, 1996b) as cited in Yang and Tung (2008).Based on Youngs study (1998) cited in Yang and Tung (2008), it was found that Internet dependents gradually bring down the time spent with family and friends while increasing time in front of their computers. This phenomenon may apply for some Taiwanese Internet users, but the data in this study demonstrated a negative influence on parents but no disruption of peer relationships for either addicts or non-addict. The findings of this study confirmed those of Kandell (1998), Lin and Tsai (2002) and eats and Hsiao (2000) as quoted in Yang and Tung (2008), that both the addict and non-addict groups saw the Internet as positively influencing their relationships with friends and schoolmates. Statistical results pointed that Internet addicts spent approximately 21.2 hours per week on the Internet, while non-addicts spent around 12.1 hours per week.This study assumes that most college students, living away from parental monitoring and with fewer classes than high school students, have extensive set-apartdom to explore risky activities that might lead to Internet addiction. This study finds a level of reported Internet usage among high school Internet addicts that is like to that for addicted college students.Uaks (2007) study revealed that most of the students of the Department of Information Management in Hacettepe University, Ankara uses the Internet every day. Based on the results, the majority access the Internet from their departments computers fol downcasted by accessing from their home. However, the rate of access from Internet cafes and the library is low. The results show that a vast purposes of using the Internet such as for their courses, homework assignments followed by using the Internet for personal interest and for e-mails. Some of them used the Internet to listen for music, games, and entertainment option while chat comes in the last place.SNSThe experiences and opinions of the social network influence contraceptive decisionsin this population of recent, minority women. The social network, including friends, family members,and media sources, is a key source of contraceptive information for many women. Comprehensivecontraceptive method counseling should explore the experiences and opinions of the patients social networkto the extent possible. Lynn Yee, M.D., M.P.H.a, and Melissa Simon, M.D., M.P.H(2009)Results indicated that students useFacebook approximately 30 min finishedout the day as part of their daily routine. Studentscommunicated on Facebook using a one-to-many style, in which they were the creatorsdisseminating content to their friends. Even so, they spent more time observing content onFacebook than actually agencying content. Facebook was used most often for social interaction,primarily with friends with whom the students had a pre-established relationship offline. Inaddition to classic iden tity markers of emerging adulthood, such as religion, political ideology,and work, young adults also used media preferences to express their identity. Implications ofsocial networking site use for the development of identity and peer relationships are discussed.Tiffany A. Pempek, Yevdokiya A. Yermolayeva, Sandra L. Calvert(2008)An individuals success in society depends on the square up and size of his/her social networkand ability to network and form fraternitys with other social groups. Organisations which canharness this innate human ability to manage knowledge will be able to lower transactions costs andbecome more profitable. Anria Sophia van Zyl (2008)Regression analyses conducted onresults from a survey of undergraduate students (N = 286) suggest a strong associationbetween use of Facebook and the three types of social capital, with the strongest relationshipbeing to bridging social capital. In addition, Facebook usage was found tointeract with measures of mental well-being , suggesting that it might providegreater benefits for users experiencing low self-esteem and low life satisfaction. Nicole B. EllisonCharles SteinfieldCliff Lampe(2007)2.3 SNS use and academic performanceAccording to Boyd Ellison (2008), Social-networking sites (hereafter SNS) are the latest online communication tool that suffers users to create a public or private profile to interact with people in their networks. They then defined SNS as web-based services that allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, articulate a list of other users with whom they share a wedion and view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the systemThere are few studies that had been done in findings the significant of SNS with academic performance. Kirschner and Karpinski (2010) had conducted a research on the Facebook (FB) and academic performance. FB is a part of the examples of SNS that was recently being used by many peopl e including the students. Barratt, Hendrickson, Stephens and Torres (2005) stated that the increased of FBs popularity has raises questions about its regard on college student life. The FB was firstly introduced by Mark Zuckerberg in 2005 to help residential college and university students identify students in other residence halls. The usage of FB than has been expanded to individuals outside(a) the college and university system. It has been identified that the usage of FB covers all group of age with mostly the age between 25 to 34 year-olds (Lipsman, 2007). However, even though there was an increase harvest-festival in older age groups, FB remains primarily a college- age and emerging adult phenomenon.From the statistics collected by the FB administrative that showed in the website, http//www.facebook.com/press/info.php?statistics, it preserve that there are 500 million of active users registered and half of them log in any given day while 55 million updates mail each day wi th more than 8 billion minutes spent on the website worldwide each. The statistic also identified that more than 2.5 billion photos uploaded each month, more than 14 million videos uploaded each month, more than 30 billion pieces of content, for instance web links, saucys stories, blog posts, nones, photos shared each week, more than 3.5 million events created each month, and more than 45 million active user groups existing. It can be concluded that Facebook is a popular time-consuming activity that undoubtedly has some bear upon on college student life.Based on study done by Espinosa, Laffey, Whittaker, and Sheng (2006), they investigated the role of technology in early childhood development using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. From the findings, it indicated that access contributed to the learning potential of the students, but the police detectives concerned that parents should encourage the educational use of technology to improve academic feat. obscure from that, according to Lei and Zhao (2005), it was explored that the specifics of access, acknowledging that quantity is not as important as quality when it comes to technology use and student achievement. Specifically, when the quality of technology use is not closely monitored or ensured, computer use may do more harm than good to student achievement in school.Hunley et al. (2005) identified that there is no relationship found between time spent on the computer at home and GPA in a sample of adolescents. Technology was found to have a positive impact on academic achievement, or technology with educational value. However, Kubey, Lavin and Barrows (2001), mentioned that other researchers have found that recreational Internet use is strongly correlated with impaired academic performance. The results showed that approximately 10-15% of study participants reported feeling not being in complete control of their Internet use, and that it has ache their schoolwork. Furthermore, they als o identified that students who reported Internet caused schoolwork problems were found to have spent five times more hours online than those who did not, and they were also significantly more belike to report that their Internet use caused them to stay up late, get less sleep, and miss classes.The researchers conclude that it is not so much the Internet that causes these problems as the new social opportunities of the Internet. Students who reported academic problems were more likely to use the Internet for real-time social activities such as IM and chat rooms which lead to them to sleep late at night. Karpinski and Duberstein (2009) on their exploratory survey study identified that there is a negative relationship between FB use and academic achievement as measured by self-reported GPA and hours spent studying per week. Hargittai (2009) stated that there is no evidence found to prove the relationship of Facebook usage with low academic performance. Banquil et al. (2009) in their r esearch found that social networking sites do not indicate negative effects on a students performance in school.2.4 Factors of using the social networking sites among the studentsYang and Tung (2008) stated the Internet addicts usually used the websites and SNS because of lower self-esteem than non-addicts. They are more confident to communicate or socialize through the Internet rather than face to face with people.Yap (2008) identified that, the main factor of using the SNS is because the users need not pay any fees due to the free membership. Furthermore, it is easy to use the SNS whereby the users only need to sign up by filling the form and active the link sent via their email.The students and users also can post advertisements there in order to other members of an event that they are hosting. It is also an opportunity for them to make new friends, use them every day to chat, play games and connect with friends, family and strangers.2.5 Usefulness of the social networking sites towards student performanceThe SNS function as a communication tools using the technology connection between people from different locations, for instance the existing of Facebook is to help residential college and university students identify students in other residence halls which also function as an online directory that connects people through social networks at colleges and universities in the beginning it is largely used worldwide.According to Pineda (2010), the students and SNS users used it to keep in touch by maintaining a profile on these sites, their loved ones, friends and distant relatives which they do not have to call the users every time just to stay in touch with one another. Besides that, the students can take advantage to post their latch on and credentials to the companies that advertise vacancy in the SNS.Dalsgaard (n.d.) discussed how the social networking may be utilized within university education by students sharing information and resources that are primi tively developed for themselves but made available to others such as using bookmarks, references, links, and notes. He stated that social networking sites are not the new Learning Management Systems. He mentioned that the SNs can be used as a discussion forums and other tools for direct communication and collaboration focus on direct sharing, social networking can support students indirect sharing of resources, thoughts, ideas, productions, writings, notes and others. It will provide the students with an increased consciousness and awareness of the activities of other students.Brady, Holcomb and metalworker (2010) identified that education-based SNSs can be used most effectively in distance education courses as a technological tool to improve online communications among students in higher distance education courses. According to Barab and Duffy (2000) and DeSchryver, Mishra, Koehler and Francis (2009), they found that distance education courses are often more successful when they de velop communities of practice while Anderson (2005) later added that it is also encourage high levels of online social presence among students.Brady, Holcomb and Smith (2010) stated that since the SNS facilitate the sharing of information, the technologies used in SNSs aid discussion and create intimacy among online students, as they have their ability to connect and build community in a socially and educationally constructed network. Besides, the article also stated that SNS created specifically for an educational audience provides a fantastic opportunity for educators to facilitate a strong sense of community among students and encourage personal interactions that can lead to the creation of new knowledge and collective intelligence.Smith (2009) as cited in Brady, Holcomb and Smith (2010) stated that, course management systems (CMS) such as Blackboard and Moodle, tend to be much focused and lack the personal touch and networking capacity that SNSs offer. For instance, instructors using CMS may create a question in an online discussion board and each student posts a response. However, these student posts are really not interactions at all, but merely question and answer sessions. Using an SNS that is user centered compared to CMS, it has the potential to increase student engagement. SNSs can actively encourage online community building, extending learning beyond the boundaries of the classroom.Bai (2003), indicated that social presence leads to reduced feelings of loneliness and impassiveness while simultaneously encouraging student interaction and booking in online courses.2.6 Conceptual FrameworkEase of useStudent performanceSNS usageUsefulnessModerating VariableDependent VariableIndependent Variables cipher 1 Conceptual FrameworkFigure 1 shows the relationship on the effect of using the social networking sites (SNS) towards students performance. This conceptual framework is developed by the researcher herself based on the literature review done and gathe red from previous studies. The figure shows that there are two factors that lead to the usage of the SNS which are the ease of use of the SNS itself and the usefulness the SNS bring to the SNS users. The first factor which is ease of use refers to several elements such as in them of the time response of the SNS, the simple rules and legislation apply and may be because of the attractive and simple design of the SNS itself. While, the usefulness can be defined as the benefits or advantages the users obtain in using the SNS. In this study it focuses more in the usefulness of SNS in the students performance.Besides that, it shows the relationship between the usage of the SNS with the students performance. The study wants to identify and determine whether there is any significant relationship on the usage of the SNS in the students performance.2.7 ConclusionThis literature review provides the brief ideas and information regarding the issues on whether there is any relationship between the usages of the SNS towards students performance. It provides findings done by the previous researchers on the similar topic and all the supports has been included and further revise in this chapter 2. The next chapter will discuss on the methodology that will be used in the study. The detailed information regarding the methodology will be further discussed in the Chapter 3.

Myra Hindley :: essays research papers

A sadistic temptress, the aid and probable prompt of an evil and cold blooded killer. Or a political prisoner being used as a scapegoat by politicians and the media? This is a very sensitive subject and people often respond with attention and anxiety when we decide to examine things like the Moors murders. We are told that our curiosity is unhealthy, and that wanting to k flat,or openly debate about a matter which is naturally closed, can only be the desire of a sick mind. We are encouraged to turn a blind eye and leave well alone. It is obvious to me that to wish to examine something is non to condone it. Yet when somebody tries to ask questions about taboo subjects today, they are assumed to be sympathetic to the subject, maybe even a little deranged, and for sure suspect. They become an outcast, and this coming adrift from the herd is also something which many fear. Many say better to be seen to be part of the lynch-mob than to become its quarry scarcely these are the people who dont have the strength of character to even attempt to be the quarry. During their trial, neither Hindley nor Brady showed remorse. Both were sentenced to life. They are still in prison at this time. The judge has stated that she will indeed spend the rest of her days in prison with no chance of ever being paroled, so why does she still argue against the judges decision ?A lot of pressure is put on Governments to keep Hidley inside and whether or not she is to be released is now often stated in party political statements prior to elections, as it is feared that the overriding pubic opinion could win or lose elections. On November the cardinal - first supporters of Hindley called for a review of sentencing procedures after Jack Straw reaffirmed the decision of his predecessor, Michael Howard, of never releasing Hindley from prison. The ruling came under immediate attack from penal reformers and courteous liberties campaigners. Myra Hindley is still petitioning for her release O n October the seventh, 1998 Hindley concluded a hearing at the Court of Appeal trying to overrule her "whole-life tariff." In her new attempt at overturning her life sentence and win the right to a parole hearing, Hindley claimed that she can prove that she took part in the Moors murders only because Brady abused her, and threatened to kill her mother, gran and younger sister if she did not comply with his wishes.

The Virtue Of Silence Essay examples -- essays research papers

THE VIRTUE OF SILENCE     Of all the virtues that most men and women disregard, it is silence. People go about in their allday lives not even noticing the beauty of ones "inner silence." Try an experiment Close your eyes. Tune out the sounds from everything thats surrounding you, and focus on what is going on inside you. Take a deep breath and just listen. How many inner voices did you hear? Most people do not even authorize the amount of hurly burly that is carried around in the human body. As you can see, even in the remarkably noisy age we live in, the real noise is on the inside. But even these noises can dissappear if one wishes. All one needs to do is study one of many religions, such as Buddhism, Christianity, and Judaism. severally of these religions have many techniques for meditation, and their reasons for wanting to find "pure silence" are generally the same.      This reason for finding your inner silence is ba sically the same for every religion, but to go about and reach this perfect sense of serenity can be accomplished in many ways. Each religion has their avow set of steps to reach Nirvana, or utter bliss and perfection. Buddhism, for instance, has many different levels of meditation. Each level reached will take you into a deeper silence of meditation until you reach "rightful meditation." Rightful meditation is the "sinking into total silence. Silence of the senses, silence of in...