Detective stories Essay Example for Free

Detective stories Essay The Sherlock Holmes stories are the work of Arthur Conan Doyle. Holmes first appeared in the story The Study of Scarlet, which was published in the magazine Beetons Christmas Annual of 1887. Over the 40 years that followed Holmes appeared in 5 collections of short stories, and 3 other novels. Holmes popularity was partly due to the fact that his books were the detective fiction books ever to be published. These books are still read today all over the world, because of the brilliant way in which they are written. The Sherlock Holmes books are written from the point of view of his sidekick Watson. Many modern day detective fiction books and television programmes follow the pattern of a detective and sidekick. The stories of Sherlock Holmes caused him to become a national hero. In all the Sherlock Holmes stories we are given a detailed description of what he looks like, that is a tall gaunt person with long thin legs, a thin hawk like nose a square chin, and of course a pipe and deerstalker hat. The first story I read of Sherlock Holmes was The Red Headed League. In this story the reader is immedietely introduced to problematic situation, where a pawnbroker has come for advice. The pawnbroker goes on to tell Holmes and Watson his situation. Whilst the man is in the company of Holmes, Holmes begins to deduce things from just looking at the ware and tare of the mans body and clothes. From a very early point in the story we begin to see characteristics in Holmes, such as habits when he id thinking, relapsing into his armchair, and putting his finger-tips together, as was his custom when in judicial moods. I was are given the impression that Holmes is the type of person who tries to treat people with respect, but his tolerance level for people who are not as intellectual as him is very low. Holmes becomes agitated at peoples incompetence to understand his complex ideas. I think Holmes pretends to expect every one to be as clever as him to make him look more intelligent and therefore superior. So in that respect I see Holmes as quite an ignorant person. However he does not treat Watson this way, I think he treats Watson more like a younger brother. I think that Holmes would like Watson to be like Holmes. From he Red Headed League we can see that Holmes has a short temper, for example when he is in the cellar of the bank and Mr. Merryweather struck rather loudly his stick upon the flags which lined the floor, I must really ask you to be a little more quiet You have already imperilled the whole of our expedition.

About School Essay Example for Free

About School Essay I believe in school now in days the curriculum kills our crea? vity. Not the teachers. The teachers are only there to help teach the curriculum. Now in days you can’t write whatever you want any more or do whatever you want any more in school. There is no choice. Its either op? on â€Å"A† or op? on â€Å"B†. Kids growing up in this era will have no imagina? on because it’s all straight forward stu$. Teacher get mad at you if you doodle on your paper or step out of line in the hall way. See more: Satirical elements in the adventure of Huckleberry Finn essay Kids won’t want to be crea? ve because they won’t know what crea? ve is. I %nd that the curriculum is to worried on geng the informa? on to the kids other than leng them %nd out ways to show the informa? on or talk about it. It’s just all wri? ng and wri? ng, no free choice anymore. In the poem it’s the same thing. The boy gets made fun of and hurt because he was trying to be crea? ve. No one can do their own stu$ anymore.

Racial Stereotyping in Advertising

Racial Stereotyping in Advertising When advertising occurs in television you can see how leading companies of the world try to attract persons for them to buy their products, but sometimes instead of bringing them incomes, the ads, in which they invert a lot of money, bring them a little more than money and attention, they bring them serious problems. No one can deny the incredible power mass has, but the problem of this is that while more powerful something is the more it can gain attention, from babies to adults, all of them can get easily the attention required not just to buy things, also unconsciously to build stereotypes towards people. During the past decade the media has become a great format of expressing ideas to the people, but this advertising sometimes can perpetuate racism and can also create sub conscience among the mass. No one can deny that the television is the major advertising technique that the companies have now a day, according to the A.C. Nielsen Co., the average American watches more than 4 hours of TV each day (or 28 hours/week, or 2 months of nonstop TV-watching per year). In a 65-year life, that person will have spent 9 years glued to the tube (http://www.csun.edu/science/health/docs/tvhealth.html).In a study made by that same company, (A.C. Nielsen Co.) you can observe that a normal person that lived at least 65 years in his life time would have at least seen 2 million commercials over his lifetime (http://www.csun.edu/science/health/docs/tvhealth.html).This previous statistics show us perfectly how the television has an amazing way to spread ideas trough the whole world, but the problem is when the ideas spreading to the world include stereotypes that can hurt certain group of people. Afro-Americans, Asians, popular public figures, all of these groups are common target to stereotypes. S ome people may say whatÂÂ ´s the big deal about all this stuff? Yeah there have always been people treating bad Afro-Americans, so? Stereotypes toward Afro-American persons have always been a great deal, they have really been. Since they came to America they have been discriminated, most of all because of their dark color, maybe this seems a problem, but a bigger problem is when huge companies such as Intel (Computer company) make racist ads that are not even worth sending them to the media. In July 2007 Intel made a public campaign on television were a white man stands while six color athletes are bowing down to him, the ad of course was removed from National television, and it appears that it has also been removes from internet, since it cant be found anywhere, the only thing that can be find is a promotional picture of the add. This add made a lot of critics from customers and from the media, it even lead to Intel asking for public apologies in their own website, We are sincerely sorry and have identified specific steps covering heightened cultural sensitivity, our review and approval process, and just using more common sense to ensure that this does not happen again. (Don Mac Donald, http://www.intel.com/news/sprintad.htm) Using ads that perpetuate racial stereotypes did not go to good to Intel since they even had to make an apology publicly that today is still visible to any people who wants to see it( http://gawker.com/284292/intel-ad-stupid-or-stupid-and-racist). As well as Intel, but with more luck, Asian Toothpaste Company named Auulws made also a racist add towards Afro-American, with the only difference that this one made a direct comparison between a black man and a new on market black toothpaste. The add in this case sends us a message directly, not all black things are bad (comparing it to a black men), buy our new black toothpaste. It sure sounds to racist to even be used in television but it really did, and it did not create too much controversy in Asia maybe because they found the ad funnier than racist. At last this company was the one winning because of the success of the innovative product ( http://www.buzzfeed.com/expresident/racist-toothpaste-commercial). The commercial you just read was made by Asians, but as well as they make stereotypes of people in U.S, people in the U.S make stereotypes of them like the one Whiskas (Company that sells cat food) made about 3 years ago, the ad shows how an American man fools an Asiatic woman that seems to be stupid in the commercial. The message that Whiskas successfully give to the public is that Asian cat food is bad, and that Asian woman are stupid (http://www.adsavvy.org/25-most-racist-advertisements-and-commercials/) Every culture, group of people or however you want to call it can be a victim of this strong way of making stereotypes in television, even the strongest persons on earth such as the president of the United States, Barack Obama. In a commercial made by the Japanese mobile company, Emobile, you can see president Barack Obama being compared to a monkey, this ad was banned in several days due to the strong humor the Japanese try to show in television (http://www.sodahead.com/united-states/japans-emobiles-commercial-depicts-obama-as-a-monkey-racist-or-just-a-commercial/question-809365/?page=2). Television is a very strong form of communication as you can see, and all of this is because of the large part of society it can get to. Even tough, there are other advertising techniques that are very powerful because of their accessibility to the people, there is just one specifically that doesnt need you to pay to see it (such as television or newspaper) and this are the billboards. The billboards are the second most important form of advertising as they get to the 93% of the population in the city where it is shown. Actually in America an amount of 5.5 billion dollars are used in billboards annually, and this quantity is expected to grow even more in the next years. This means that the billboards are a great way to reach people if you are talking of advertising. (http://www.businessknowledgesource.com/marketing/using_billboards_for_marketing_026351.html). The billboards may seem very good way of advertising, but this good way of advertising is also a good way of advertising stere otypes toward groups of people such as what Sony did in 2006. In 2006 in the Netherlands Sony(technology manufacturing corporation) was promoting the new PSP(Play Station Portable) of color white and may have not done it the correct way. They use a white woman to represent a white psp and she is aggressively holding the head of the black men (black psp). The peculiar billboard Sony used to promote the white PSP was used in over 100 billboards all over Netherlands. After the ads were taken of Sony did not really defend themselves, instead they just respond The marketing campaign for the launch of the White PSP in the Benelux focuses on the contrast between the Black PSP model and the new Ceramic white PSP model.(SonyÂÂ ´s CEO). The polemic billboard from Sony of course caused some boycotts of buying the white ceramic PSP, but after some time the things calm down. This of course taught Sony a lesson the bad way. (http://www.engadget.com/2006/07/06/sony-under-fire-for-racist-advertising/). The advertising over the years have been a great deal since advertising is publicity and publicity is money. As a matter of fact, the racist stereotypes shown on media are not just to black, Asian, or powerful people they can apply to any person in earth. The racism in media is not the only problem in the media, there are also some other problems in the media that can affect society. Thankfully there are several groups that defend racism and the content that the adds can display on the advertising such as the ITC (short for International Television Control) or the CEOUSA (Central for Equal Opportunity). The ITC has experience controlling the Television Advertising since 1990.The ITC doesnt just control the Television advertising in some parts of the United States, it also does this labor in the United Kingdom. This organization is responsible for banning advertising on the television that are not morally correct for the society in certain regions, they are the main reason that announcements affecting racial stereotypes do not last in air to long. (http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/itc/itc_publications/itc_notes/view_note64.html) By the other hand the CEOUSA sponsors conferences, supports research and publishes ads on issues promoting equitacy, ethnicity, assimilation and public policy. CEOUSA focuses on three areas in particular: racial preferences, immigration, and assimilation and multicultural education. There can be lots of more groups even more than this ones promoting the anti racism, we can know that, but other thing we know is that there are also a lot of people who can still be making racist advertising. In the world what talks the most is the money, all advertisings are made with money to get more money that is how it really works. From huge companies like Sony to very small companies such as Auulws, all need to make advertising to sell their products. Until there all goes alright, the problem is when they start messing with some culture, race, gender, or nationality. When that happens some people start to indignate and the awesome idea some guy had for selling more things converts to a really big controversy throughout all the internet, television, and news. However, at last the ones that make this continue or not are us, the consumers are the ones who decide if this type of advertising continues or not. Many times unconsciously we support this by buying products because of some funny ad we saw and that we did not know that it perpetuated racial stereotypes. So how I say at last the ones that make this continue or stop are us, and just us, the consumers.

How Art Relates to Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray Essay

How Art Relates to Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray is a novel about a young, handsome, and vain man who has his portrait painted, and impulsively wishes that he could forever remain just as handsome as he is in the painting -- that the painting would age instead of him. He gets his wish in a most eerie way; as, with passing years, he becomes increasingly dissolute and evil, while the changes that one would expect to appear on his face are reflected in the portrait instead. What this book is about, clearly, is feelings and appearances becoming real. This motif is echoed and re-echoed throughout the book. Early in the novel, Sir Henry Wotten -- a cynical hedonist -- gives Dorian a book about people who tried to experience everything, both good and evil, and Dorian decides to try it; in other words, he models his life after a work of art. The fact that Dorian's one female love is an actress -- a person who wears masks and pretends to be someone she is not -- reinforces this motif. When she reveals herself to be real, his repugnance for her is so overwhelming that it reaches out like an evil spirit and kills her; Dorian therefore murdered Sybil as surely as he would murder Basil later on. We tell small children that their feelings are not actions and therefore have no repercussions of their own, but deep in our psyches we know this is not so. The reason tribal...

Discuss and consider the role of women in Stephen Dedalus creative Ess

Discuss and consider the role of women in Stephen Dedalus' creative process, how is this reflected in the language and narrative of the novel? From the very first page of "A portrait of the artist as a young man", where Stephen Dedalus writes in simplistic and linear style and uses inarticulate expression and description in his story of the "moocow", to the last where he writes in journalistic form with a vast array of vocabulary and complex language, there is a progression, a maturing, a creative development; and this is influenced by the experiences, relationships and personal growth Stephen goes through as he grows up. Women are certainly an integral part of this creative process, from his experiences with Eileen, to sleeping with a prostitute, and his relationship with his mother, and his attempts to discover what his sensual feelings mean in this journey of self discovery, women feature prominently and have great significance in the creative process of Stephen's life. Stephen is a very interesting and intricate character, and comes freakishly close to the contemporary boy of the time, there is such a sense of realism which is conveyed through him by Joyce, most likely because he is based on himself. For example, Joyce had a mother devoted to Catholicism, as does Stephen, and Joyce was also educated at Clongowes. I think a key reason as to why women play such an important role in Stephen's creative development is the fact that on many occasions he does not know quite how to relate to them, he sees them as a completely different species and really doesn't know how to respond to them, as his experience with the prostitute will testify. Stephen's relationship with the opposite sex begins to deve... ...ourse to his destiny, and this significantly emphasises the importance of women in Stephen's development artistically, it is not even a girl with whom Stephen has any association, to him it is the gender as a whole, and therefore shows how women have played such a significant role for him. In conclusion, there is no doubt in my mind that across the novel, women play possibly the most important role of all in Stephen's artistic development, and it is because of them, whether it be the overbearing but supremely influential mother of Stephen, the experience with the prostitute, the love Stephen feels for Emma, or the epiphany on the beach with the wading young lady, that Stephen reaches the artist status which he eventually obtains and the intertwining suggests a fated nature which Joyce expertly conveys through his language and conscious style of writing. Discuss and consider the role of women in Stephen Dedalus' creative Ess Discuss and consider the role of women in Stephen Dedalus' creative process, how is this reflected in the language and narrative of the novel? From the very first page of "A portrait of the artist as a young man", where Stephen Dedalus writes in simplistic and linear style and uses inarticulate expression and description in his story of the "moocow", to the last where he writes in journalistic form with a vast array of vocabulary and complex language, there is a progression, a maturing, a creative development; and this is influenced by the experiences, relationships and personal growth Stephen goes through as he grows up. Women are certainly an integral part of this creative process, from his experiences with Eileen, to sleeping with a prostitute, and his relationship with his mother, and his attempts to discover what his sensual feelings mean in this journey of self discovery, women feature prominently and have great significance in the creative process of Stephen's life. Stephen is a very interesting and intricate character, and comes freakishly close to the contemporary boy of the time, there is such a sense of realism which is conveyed through him by Joyce, most likely because he is based on himself. For example, Joyce had a mother devoted to Catholicism, as does Stephen, and Joyce was also educated at Clongowes. I think a key reason as to why women play such an important role in Stephen's creative development is the fact that on many occasions he does not know quite how to relate to them, he sees them as a completely different species and really doesn't know how to respond to them, as his experience with the prostitute will testify. Stephen's relationship with the opposite sex begins to deve... ...ourse to his destiny, and this significantly emphasises the importance of women in Stephen's development artistically, it is not even a girl with whom Stephen has any association, to him it is the gender as a whole, and therefore shows how women have played such a significant role for him. In conclusion, there is no doubt in my mind that across the novel, women play possibly the most important role of all in Stephen's artistic development, and it is because of them, whether it be the overbearing but supremely influential mother of Stephen, the experience with the prostitute, the love Stephen feels for Emma, or the epiphany on the beach with the wading young lady, that Stephen reaches the artist status which he eventually obtains and the intertwining suggests a fated nature which Joyce expertly conveys through his language and conscious style of writing.

Pride and Prejudice Adaptations in Modern Film Essay -- Jane Austen

Love in Relationships vs. Love for Oneself   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a day where loving yourself first is not only accepted but often expected, it is a stretch for the 20th (or 21st) century mind to see marriage as a necessity, as it was for Jane Austen and some of the greatest of her heroines. Marriage for money and convenience, as well as familial preservation, formally dominated matchmaking choices. Love and romance were but luxuries in the business-like fashion of marriage. Austen contested this reality and criticized it, but she also placed one thing above romance: the Self. Austen undoubtedly prizes respect for the Self above social expectation and relationships. Handler and Segal (45) noted that themes of â€Å"independence, dependence, and choice† are recurring throughout all of Austen’s works. Recent film adaptations to Austen have decided to downplay these themes, however, in exchange for playing up the romance. These films reveal the 20th century emphasis on romance at the cost of excluding the already estab lished importance of self-knowledge. Pride and Prejudice, Austen’s first written but later published novel, is a commentary on the importance in society of inheritance and achievement. Austen obviously valued one’s achieved virtues over inherited status, a revolutionary notion for a female of the day. Elizabeth Bennet, Austen’s own mouthpiece to criticize her times, bridges the gap between 19th century sensibility and 20th century self-exploration. Lizzy, though given the opportunity on more than one occasion (Mr. Darcy’s first and Mr. Collins’s only proposal) to save herself from her impending poverty as well as preserve her family’s estate, choose rather to be alone than to be in a situation that would compromise her principles. She is a woman of a strong-willed character who puts herself above her society’s expectations of her. If Elizabeth’s parents had known of her initial refusal of Darcy their disbelief would have probably outweighed her reasons for rejectin g him. Even Mr. Bennet, though a staunch supporter of Elizabeth, may not have felt that she had acted prudently considering the family’s situation. This was before her sister Jane was engaged to the wealthy Mr. Bingley, and concern over the future entailment of the estate to Mr. Collins was still great. She didn’t even consider Darcy until her began exhibiting signs that he respected her, such as his ... ...rement for well-rounded development, and as it has become more common, its importance has been taken for granted. How Austen would deal with this present reality is unsure but likely with some disdain. Austen did not preach revolution and women’s’ rights, she only presented her world as she saw how it was and how it should be. Now that the Self has now been placed on the back burner for romantic interests or has been ballooned to the point of excess is only a creation of the present, a true novelty in human history. That our mediums for entertainment reflect this is only as expected to fit our cultural ideas. Works Cited Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice. Penguin Putnum, Inc. New York: 1989. Fielding, H. Bridget Jones’s Diary. Penguin Putnum, Inc. New York: 1996. Handler, R., Segal, D. Jane Austen and the Fiction of Culture. Rowman & Littlefield, Inc. Maryland: 1999. Haskell, M. â€Å"The Innocent Ways of Renee Zellweger.† New York Times, April 8, 2001. Bridget Jones’s Diary 2001 directed by Sharon Maguire. Clueless 1995 directed by Amy Heckerling. Emma 1996 directed by Douglas McGrath. Pride and Prejudice miniseries 1995 BBC/A & E

Big Business Dbq

Ryan Burgett Document A Source: Historical Statistics of the United States. Document Information †¢ Food prices declined significantly between 1870 and 1899. †¢ Fuel and lighting prices declined significantly between 1870 and 1899. †¢ Cost of living declined slightly between 1870 and 1899. Document Inferences †¢ Improved agricultural innovations led to reduced food prices. †¢ Mining and lighting innovations reduced prices for fuel and lighting. †¢ Falling prices for agricultural goods led to discontent among farmers. †¢ Mass production resulted in a decline in the cost of living. Electric lighting allowed for 24-hour production, night shifts and possibly longer hours. Potential Outside Information Consolidation Coxey’s Army Economies of scale Edison, Thomas (incandescent lightbulb) Farmers’ Alliances (Northern, Southern, Colored) â€Å"Farmers should raise less corn and more hell† Lease, Mary Elizabeth Sub-Treasury plan Document B Source: George E. McNeill, labor leader, The Labor Movement: The Problem of Today, 1887. Document Information †¢ Railroad presidents are similar to kings. †¢ Railroad presidents can discharge workers without cause and withhold wages. Railroad presidents can delay lawsuits. †¢ Railroad presidents control both the government and the people. †¢ Railroad presidents controlled freight prices and monopolized food and fuel industries. †¢ Railroad presidents corrupt communities and control the press. Document Inferences †¢ The financial clout of railroads leaves employees helpless. †¢ Railroad labor and farm unrest is likely. †¢ Railroads dictate government policy. †¢ The Senate is controlled by wealthy interests because senators are not popularly elected. †¢ The legal system favors railroad interests. Potential Outside Information Blacklisting Munn v.Illinois Credit Mobilier scandal National Labor Union Fisk, Jim Patrons of Husbandry (Gr ange) Government ownership of railroads Railway Strikes of 1877 Gould, Jay Sylvis, William Granger laws United States v. E. C. Knight Interstate Commerce Act Vanderbilt, Cornelius Kelley, Oliver Hudson Wabash v. Illinois Long-haul/short-haul differentials yellow dog contracts AP ® Document C Source: David A. Wells, engineer and economist, Recent Economic Changes and Their Effect on the Document Information †¢ Workers no longer work independently but as if they were part of a military organization. Workers are taught to perform one simple task. †¢ Manufacturing has largely taken away workers’ pride in their work. Document Inferences †¢ Mass production techniques led to specialization of labor. †¢ Specialization of labor decreases workers’ pride in their craft. †¢ Specialization of labor leaves workers largely unskilled. †¢ Unskilled labor is relatively easy to replace. Potential Outside Information Specialization of labor Sweatshops Unski lled/skilled labor Document D Source: Joseph Keppler, â€Å"The Bosses of the Senate,† Puck, January 23, 1889. Document Information †¢ Shows trusts as oversized. Shows public entrance to the Senate closed. †¢ Shows monopolists lined up at monopolists’ entrance. †¢ Shows some senators looking back toward the trusts. †¢ Shows sign saying â€Å"This is a Senate of the monopolists by the monopolists and for the monopolists. † Document Inferences †¢ The Senate (government) is controlled by big business. †¢ People have no control over the Senate because senators are not directly elected. †¢ Monopolists (trusts) are wealthy and powerful. †¢ Trusts control a great many industries. Potential Outside Information Billion Dollar Congress Bland-Allison ActCivil Service (Pendleton) Act Crime of ’73 Dingley Tariff Direct election of senators (Populist platform, not Seventeenth Amendment) Gold Standard Act/Currency Act of 1900 Inte rstate Commerce Commission McKinley Tariff Monopolies Nast, Thomas Reed, Thomas Sherman Antitrust Act Sherman Silver Purchase Act Wilson-Gorman Tariff Document E Source: Andrew Carnegie, â€Å"Wealth,† North American Review, June 1889. Document Information †¢ Wealthy people should lead a modest, unpretentious existence. †¢ Surplus revenues are to be used as a trust fund for what the wealthy see as community good. The wealthy are trustees for the poor. †¢ The judgment of the wealthy will lead to better decisions than the poor would make for themselves. †¢ Philanthropy justifies business owners’ wealth. Document Inferences †¢ Some business leaders believed in charity. †¢ The wealthy saw themselves as superior to the masses. †¢ Social obligation is a responsibility that comes with wealth. Potential Outside Information Carnegie libraries Carnegie Steel Corporation Gospel of Wealth â€Å"He who dies rich dies disgraced† Homestead St rike Social Darwinism Social Gospel Veblen, Thorstein, Theory of the Leisure ClassVertical integration Document F Source: â€Å"People’s Party Platform,† Omaha Morning World-Herald, July 5, 1892. Document Information †¢ Seeks to restore government to plain people. †¢ Power of the people (government) should be expanded. †¢ Seeks to end oppression, injustice, and poverty. Document Inferences †¢ The Populist Party was dedicated to political and social reform. †¢ Government should be strengthened and made more responsible to the people. †¢ The Populist Party nominated its own presidential candidate in 1892. Potential Outside Information Bryan, William Jennings Cross of Gold speechDirect election of senators (Populist platform, not Seventeenth Amendment) Farmers’ Alliances (Northern, Southern, Colored) Free and unlimited coinage of silver Government ownership of railroads (utilities) Income tax Initiative Lease, Mary Elizabeth Ocala Dema nds Omaha Platform Populist Party Referendum Sub- Treasury Plan Weaver, James B. Document G Source: Samuel Gompers, What Does Labor Want? , an address before the International Labor Congress in Chicago, August 28, 1893. Document Information †¢ People should not be considered property. †¢ Labor seeks shorter hours. Shorter labor hours will reduce jail and almshouse populations. †¢ Labor insists on the right to organize. †¢ Negligence or maliciousness should not leave the worker without recourse. †¢ Labor insists on adequate wages. Document Inferences †¢ Mass production techniques are dehumanizing. †¢ Bread-and-butter unionism grew with the trade union movement (shorter hours, better working conditions, increased wages). †¢ Workers’ compensation laws should be passed. †¢ Labor unions must organize to protect the interests of workers. †¢ Companies can and should help out communities by reducing unemployment ranks.Potential Outsid e Information American Federation of Labor Powderly, Terence bread-and-butter unionism Stephens, Uriah Knights of Labor Sylvis, William National Labor Union workers’ compensation Document H Document Information †¢ Says he is a victim of Rockefeller’s combination. †¢ Says Standard Oil offered the same quality of oil for one to three cents less than he could. †¢ Says he found railroads were in league with Rockefeller and charged discriminatory rates. Document Inferences †¢ Monopolists used ruthless tactics to put competitors out of business. Railroads gave big businesses rebates/kickbacks that helped them undercut their competition. †¢ Government must protect small businesses against unfair business practices. Potential Outside Information American Beauty Rose Theory Horizontal integration â€Å"just windward of the law† Long-haul/short-haul differentials Rebates/kickbacks Rockefeller, John D. Document I Source: Theodore Dreiser, Sister Ca rrie, a novel, 1900. Document Information †¢ Department stores were among the most efficient retail organizations. †¢ Department stores were appealing, with swarms of patrons. †¢ Carrie was much affected by the display of goods. The displays affected Carrie personally. Document Inferences †¢ Urban glamour drew rural people to the city. †¢ Improved urban transportation led to the development of department stores. †¢ Displays and advertising blurred the distinction between wants and needs. †¢ Consolidation in retail industry offered increased availability of consumer goods to society. Potential Outside Information Electric trolleys Macy’s Wanamaker’s (department store) Woolworth’s Great Five Cent Store YMCA YWCA Document J Source: Female typists, circa 1902. Courtesy of Library of Congress # LC-D4-42930Document Information †¢ Shows women typists in a large room. †¢ Shows women all dressed similarly. †¢ Shows the pr esence of electric lighting. Document Inferences †¢ Inventions like the typewriter and telephone increased employment for native-born, white women. †¢ There was sameness about working in a mass production environment. †¢ Industrialization created employment opportunities that often discriminated according to gender and race. Potential Outside Information Sholes, Christopher (invention of the typewriter) Sweatshops Taylor, Frederick Taylorism (scientific management) YWCA