Qualitative Research Project Essay

Introduction Since the 1990’s Racial Profiling has become a major issue in our society. There has been an abundance of court cases, killings and protests where people from the Black community feel that they are being harassed, stopped and questioned or arrested, simply for their outward appearance and look. Racial profiling for the most part has been linked to the police and their investigative methods. However racial profiling is not just limited to the police and their methods. Since 9/11 and the Iraq war racial profiling has become apparent in our view and beliefs against the Muslim/Islamic community. Summary My topic of discussion for my project is racial profiling and how it affects a certain socioeconomic group. The type of research that I will use in my project is the Qualitative Method, using Ethnographic research. By using this form of qualitative research you can target all aspects of the social settings and attempt to find out and describe how various parts fit together, where the Quantitative method would not be ideal because it mainly deals with numbers and statistics. In this type of research you need to have behavior and social qualities that numbers cannot measure. Ethnographic research is the best type of research to use for this issue of â€Å"racial Profiling† because â€Å"it is based on a broad perspective that emphasizes looking for the meaning attached to social setting by the participants. Ethnographic research is not confined to any method of data collection. But is typically is based on a small number of cases and depends on intensive open-ended interactions with them†. (Dorsten, L. 2014) Analysis The first article that I will analyze is â€Å"Racial Profiling and Police Subculture†. The article deals with is the practice of subjecting citizens to increased surveillance or scrutiny based on racial or ethical factors rather than â€Å"reasonable suspicion.† (Chan, J. 2011). The article touches on  how racial profiling is difficult to prove when dealing with the police and their investigative methods. The second article â€Å"Is Racial Profiling Just? Making Criminal Justice Policy in the Original Position†. This article discusses how racial profiling is addressed without using racism and with using racism. The author attempts to prove is racial profiling is just? Finally the third article titled â€Å"The Art of the Unseen: Three Challenges for Racial Profiling†. In this article the author attempts to express how racial profiling is analyzed using the moral status when dealing the costs and benefits involved in police investigative procedures. Methodology How does racial profiling affect the black community. Racial profiling affects the black community directly by police continually going outside of their way to stop, harass or arrest blacks simply by the fact that they look a certain way. It affects the black community indirectly because the black community knows or experiences racial profiling and no longer have complete trust of policemen. Hypothesis Through my research on the topic of â€Å"Racial Profiling† have noticed that there are many issues of the black community that are affected, be it by discomfort, senseless, irrational methods of police and society. Conclusion Racial profiling is a pervasive nationwide practice that federal and local law enforcement agencies use. Whatever type of racial profiling that is demonstrated is an unjust and ineffective method of law enforcement. There are now more laws, policies and procedures that are now in place to help alleviate racial profiling towards any type of race, origin or ethnicity. Becoming more aware of these issues will help and deter any type of unjust, unlawful type of discrimination towards anyone. References Chan, J. (2011). Racial Profiling and Police Subculture. 75-77. Dorsten, L. E. (2014). Research Methods and Society. Pearson Custom Library. Reiman, J. (2011). Is Racial Profiling Just ? Making Criminal Justice Policy in the Original Position. 1-5. Thomsen, F. K. (2010). The Art of the Unseen: Three Challenges for Racial Profiling. Department of Philosophy and Science Studies, 100-115.

Reading averages for school samples serving K-2 Essay

The sample in Table 1 was uncharacteristic of the all three samples. Grade two MCT reading results for the 2005 school year demonstrated lower reading averages in school one which had a lower percentage of impoverished and non-white students. This was not the case in sample two and three. In order to validate these results, the 2005 reading scores were compared to those of 2004 and 2003. As demonstrated in Table 1, school two has consistently scored lower than school one; however, the reading averages for both schools only vary approximately five percent between the years of 2003 and 2005. This is not enough of a variance to determine if ethnic background is a major indication of the difference between reading proficiencies. The researcher also considered class size (FTE) as a factor in the levels of reading achievement. The amount of students per teacher (FTE) however did not appear to have any influence on the reading proficiency levels of schools one and two since the FTE percentage was the same. Table 1 Sample One: Reading Averages for K-2 Schools (Grade 2) ______________________________________________________________________ Reading Impoverished Ethnicity Three Year FTE Average Students (SES) nonwhite Average ______________________________________________________________________ School 1 93 80 54 ~94 15 School 2 92 74 52 ~89 15 ______________________________________________________________________ Note. The state second grade reading average for Mississippi in 2005 was eighty-eight percent. Appendix B Reading Averages for School Samples Serving K-3 Second grade MCT reading averages for the two sample schools differed greatly for the 2005 school year. School 1A demonstrated a much lower second grade reading proficiency, as well as a higher SES. In contrast, school 2A had a low SES percentage and higher test results. The percentage of non-white students was close between the two schools, the highest however was found in school 2A. The FTE in schools one and two differed slightly with school 2A having an average of seventeen students per teacher versus fifteen students per teacher in school 1A. In order to validate the MCT results, the 2005 reading scores were compared to those of 2004 and 2003. The three year average of second grade MCT scores demonstrates that school 2A has consistently had higher test scores than school 1A. This sample demonstrates that the only probable influence on the MCT scores, and reading proficiency in general would be the SES percentage. Table 2 Sample Two: Reading Averages for K-3 Schools Grades 2 & 3 ______________________________________________________________________ Reading Impoverished Ethnicity Three Year FTE Average Students (SES) nonwhite Average ______________________________________________________________________ 2nd 3rd 2nd 3rd _____________ ____________ School 1A 79 75 94 51 80 ~75 15 School 2A 92 98 73 54 ~96 ~95 17 ______________________________________________________________________ Note. The state second grade reading average for Mississippi in 2005 was eighty-eight percent. The third grade reading average for Mississippi was eighty-four percent. Appendix C Reading Averages for School Samples Serving K-5 The following table demonstrates the reading proficiency in the school samples serving kindergarten through fifth grade. The initial sample had results which were very similar and therefore were difficult to compare, thus the researcher investigated the MCT results of another school. As the reader can see from Table 3, there is a drastic difference between schools 1B and 2B and schools 3B and 4B. The percentage of nonwhite students is similar between all four schools, indicating that ethnicity was not a crucial factor in the results of the MCTs. A major indicator of the differences in MCT scores was the SES percentage. In particular, the schools with the highest SES, the higher percentage of impoverished students, performed drastically lower than the schools with a lower SES. This has been a consistent trend over the past three years in all the schools in the sample. The FTE was seventeen for all except one of the four schools. This could indicate that the higher students-per-teacher ratio did not have an influence on the MCT reading results. Table 3 Reading Averages for K-5 Schools Grades 2 & 3. Reading Impoverished Ethnicity Three Year FTE Average Students (SES) nonwhite Average ______________________________________________________________________ 2nd 3rd 2nd 3rd _____________ ____________ School 1B 91 95 53 54 ~91 97 17 School 2B 93 96 57 53 95 97 17 School 3B 67 77 99 52 ~70 81 15 School 4B 69 77 91 53 ~69 ~72 17 ______________________________________________________________________ Note. The state second grade reading average for Mississippi in 2005 was eighty-eight percent. The third grade reading average for Mississippi was eighty-four percent.

How Personality, Intelligence, Attitudes and Emotions Affect The Research Paper

How Personality, Intelligence, Attitudes and Emotions Affect The Success of a Company - Research Paper Example According to research, many organizations are interested in emotions at work. This is because many of them are dealing with service provision, emotional intelligence is thus popular. In addressing a hypothetical model of individuals, it is argued that employees who pose emotional intelligence are likely to adapt emotional responses in case of disagreements. This is because these people can easily adapt and respond to their emotions and moods with a healthier understanding of their emotional experience. Emotions, therefore, have adverse effects on an organization if not properly expressed.Attitude is an individual’s sensation, judgment, and inclination to respond to some issues within the environment. Attitudes of employees and managers pose an effect on the success of a company.Attitudes are always an indicator of the personal inclination to feel sense or act in a positive or a negative way towards a particular issue. Attitudes usually entail individual cognitions, effective r esponse, and behavioral tendency towards the company. Research has shown that if the majority of employees in an organization have a positive attitude then the success of the organization is granted. On the other hand, if the majority of the employees have a negative attitude towards the company then it is bound to fail. Managers should also have a positive attitude towards employees in order for the company to succeed. Positive attitudes in an organization are vital in enabling the company to realize its goals and in achieving change.

The Impact of Social Media in US Elections.6 Research Paper

The Impact of Social Media in US Elections.6 - Research Paper Example Being a social network, application of social media has spread with a high momentum because of social interconnectivity that links friends and relatives. The Diffusion of innovation theory explains the trend that the social media has adopted and offers a basis for forecasting its future orientation. According to the theory, invention gains popularity and commands the society’s attention until a time when such attention fades. Rogers, the theory’s developer, proposed four stages that are expected of the social media, and its effects on US elections, in the future. The first stage of the model involves adoption by a small section of the society, innovators, who are willing to venture the innovation immediately after its development. The population section embraces possible risks that may discourage others. Following the innovators’ initiative is the adoption of a technology by early adopters whose population is higher than that of innovators. The population segment identifies leaders who do not need persuasion into a technology’s application and are flexible to implementing innovations. A larger percentage of the population into an innovation is the early majority who relies on evidence of the technology’s effects before adoption and an approximately equivalent proportion, the late majority, follows them. New users of the innovation then reduce as the model gets into the laggards’ phase (Boston University 1; Baran and Davis 282). The model therefore offers an insight into the possible trend and effects of the social media in the United States and two perspectives apply. If the people who adopt the social media technology at its earlier stages continue with its application then a cumulative impact can be derived over time because the social media will have a continually expanding audience. This however identifies the role of determining the media’s ability to retain users. Established rate of users’ retention also offers a basis for understanding trend of application and knowledge of the current stage of the innovation, based on the Diffusion of Innovation theory. The model’s variability with time can then offer insight into the future effects of social media on the elections. The theory further suggests an innovation’s effect of diminishing old media forms as the society adopts a new media application (Boston University 1). Shaw’s curve of the old media also offers a basis for understanding the trend in effect of the social media on US elections. Like in the diffusion theory, Shaw explains that an innovation gains popularity until a maximum level of audience before the number starts to decline and the time for the cycle depends on the scope of a preceding innovation or a newly developed innovation. Development of a better innovation may for example facilitate the cycle as the society moves to operate the new development. These concepts therefore offers the basis fo r understanding possible trends of the effect of social media on the elections that can be forecasted with knowledge of previous innovations and speculations of development of new applications for mass communication. Existing data over internet use that indicates high percentages suggests that application of the social media for communication is in advanced stages of the diffusion theory model. Application beyond 60 percent of the adult population indicates possibility of a late majority stage

Endangered Species Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Endangered Species - Research Paper Example The present crisis of endangered species is distinctive in that the failure of biodiversity is happening rapidly, and the main cause of the catastrophe is the activities of human beings. Some scholars such as Henry David Thoreau, Aldo Leopold and Elisabet Sahtouris believe that the current crisis persists because of lack of ethical responsibility and failure to connect with the environment in the part of humans (Benson and Rob 188). One of the most endangered species that are facing extinction is the rhino species found in Africa and Asia. The Rhino population in the two continents is roughly 29,000 surviving in the world. This is a massive difference from the population of rhinos at the beginning of the 20th century standing at 500,000 rhinos. For instance, in Africa there are 20,000 white rhinos and 4,880 black rhinos. In Asia, however, the statistics are more alarming as there are only 2,850 great one-horned rhinos, 200 Sumatran rhino and 50 Javan rhino. There are only seven north ern white rhinos living in the world (Rhino Info n.d). With then rhino, facing distinction in the future is inevitable that governments form laws that protect this endangered specie from human hunters who kill them for their horns, as well as meat. The illegal rhino horn hunt has been the biggest human activity that has led to a drastic decline of the rhino species instigated by the illegal rhino horn trade, political conflict, as well as habitat loss. The rhino is mostly valued for production of Chinese medicine and poaching is the greatest menace facing rhino today. The horns are also used to construct ornamental handles for stiletto in Yemen one of the main markets of the rhino horns from Africa (Rhino Info n.d). In some areas, where normal law and order has collapsed mostly in war zones, and where political instability exists, poachers have found it easier to kill the rhinos, thus endangering them as well as other species. For example, poaching of rhino has been ascending in DRC , Nepal and Zimbabwe due to political conflicts (Rhino Info n.d). The basic issue in environmental ethics is whether there can be a non-anthropocentric environmental ethic, which is a foundation for right ant and wrong activities concerning the environment, which is not based exclusively in human fears. Most people claim that ethics is only based on anthropocentric environment. According to Benson and Rob (188) environmental ethics involves animal rights theories and biocentrism theories as well as egocentric theories. This entails that sentient animals, individual living things and conservation systems have moral standings respectfully. Leopold held that most ecological problems were because of ignorance, and understood that his own his own capability to recognize how environment works were the consequence long education and observation. However, in the current contemporary world, where environmental education and policies are protecting biodiversity ignorance has no room. It is ir responsible for instance, to cut down trees from indigenous forests, which are at, risk of extinction for logs, yet there are alternative means of producing similar tools without having to render tree populations extinct (Bagheera n.d). Leopold grew in a culture where concealed land ownership was part of the dream of America. However, this caused

Creole linguistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Creole linguistics - Essay Example One of the problems of definition stems from the way in which the languages are classified. Varieties such as Eskimo pidgin lack some of the structures and linguistic patterns of other types of pidgins. Creole now includes a larger number of languages than before. Questions have arisen as to which groups of languages be classified as creoles or pidgins. Considerations have also been given to breaking down both languages into sub groups and sub types. One should also pay attention to the proximity to the source language. There is also the issue of the varying degrees of creoles as spoken in some Caribbean states, for example. The question as to what extent socio cultural and socio historical factors play in the development of the languages should also be considered. Mufwene argued that the term pidgins and creoles were loosely used by European settlers and thus does not satisfy the criteria to be called languages because of the lack of certain linguistic features. He limits the term creole to those former pidgin languages in parts of the Pacific and West Africa. Thompson another writer examined the languages in terms of their historical natures. Her distinction of creoles and pidgins from bilingual mixed languages is based on social, historical, and linguistic aspects. Her claim also presents conflict especially when one looks at languages such as Tok Pisin. Both writers agreed on the difficulty faced in categorising every language. Conflicts have also arisen in determining the nature of processes of pidgin and creoles as they relate to each other. Historically both languages have been reflective of each other. Some writers, however, view both languages as being different from each other in view of their developmental processes. Others argue that they are independent of each other in terms of formation and use. Some scholars also look at the role children and adult played in the development of both languages. They argue that the morphology and

Pros of Gay Marriage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pros of Gay Marriage - Research Paper Example 1). Allowing same sex couples to marry support the basic principles of American democracy. Further, by legalizing same sex marriages, same sex relationships are legitimatized. In addition, through the approval of same sex marriages, heterosexual marriages are neither harmed nor compromised in any way; but would strengthen homosexual relationships. In this regard, one contends that same sex marriages should be allowed and state legislatures should approve same sex marriage in all states. When state legislations allow same sex couples to marry, they abide by the basic principles of American democracy, to wit: â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights ... [and] that to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed† (Head, 2006, p. 3). By disallowing same sex marriages through the Defense of Marriage Ac t (DOMA), enacted by Congress in 1996, â€Å"which bars federal recognition of same-sex marriages and allows states to do the same† (NCSL:Same Sex Marriage, 2011, p. 1), the government is in fact issuing legislations contrary to the basic principles of democracy. As emphasized by Head (2006), â€Å"if we amend the Constitution to restrict rights, rather than to protect them, we set an ominous precedent† (p. 3). ... Head (2006) stressed that â€Å"state bans on gay sex were ineffective at banning gay sex, and state bans on gay marriage are equally ineffective at preventing lesbian and gay couples from having weddings, exchanging rings, and spending the rest of their lives together† (p. 4). Legitimizing their union would therefore promote values of accepting their partnership as a reality of live that exists in social circles the world over. Likewise, Jost (2003), in his article on â€Å"Gay Marriage† published in the CQ Researcher indicated that by legalizing the union between same sex spouses, children being raised by them would be acknowledged. The same article cited the U.S. Census Bureau (2000) as disclosing that 43% of unmarried couples have children, where 22.3% are same sex male couples and 34.3% are same sex female couples (Jost, 2003, p. 725). The all important question raised by Head (2006) was â€Å"if the legal institution of marriage is good for the children of hetero sexual parents, why should the children of lesbian and gay couples be punished by their government simply because of the sexual orientation of their parents† (Head, 2006, p. 5)? Laumann (2002) cited in American Academy of Pediatrics revealed the findings that â€Å"No data have pointed to any risk to children of growing up in a family with one or more gay parents† (p. 344). Finally, through the approval of same sex marriages, heterosexual marriages are neither harmed nor compromised in any way; but would strengthen homosexual relationships. The advocates of same sex marriage and their supporters have argued that legitimizing same sex unions would not affect or influence the rate of matrimony or the incidence of