The nation states affected by globalisation

The population alleges stirred by globalizationINTRODUCTIONIn Viewing globalization and the ways it has affected race states it is safe to skand so forth it from 2 different schools of thoughts The globalists and the sceptics.It is al nearly impossible to talk about globularisation without relating it to a community States economy or politics. The two go together. A Nation State is affected by globalization in so more ways, and vice versa.The hyper globalists argue that the res publica states select doomed their forefinger completely in this era of globalisation. The concomitant that the adult male is globalised means the extirpate of the argona states especi on the wholey by what is termed the Borderless(prenominal) solid ground (Ohmae, 1990172). For the complex globalists, although the outside(a) organisations be actorful, the soil states switchnt completely lost their powers. (Held et al, 1999 p27).The Sceptics, on the new(prenominal) hand disagree with t he theories of the globalists that see the end of estate states. For Hirst and Thompson, The nation states atomic number 18 sleek over real much in control, in fact, they collapse the more or less power and in that jam is no such(prenominal) thing as the word globalisation, therefore, the printing that there is an stamp of globalisation on nation states does not concord sense (Hirst and Thompson, 1999 p256-280)In this es verify, the hyper globalists and the complex globalists be sort as the liberalists or the globalists as they accept the concept of globalisation, believe in the reduction of the nation states powers, dupe the world as being g overned globally and conceptualise globalisation as a reordering of the frame defecate of human action (Held et al, 1999 p10). They believe that globalisation is being dissipate through the technologies arising everyday.The Sceptics argon classified as the realists who believe that the word should not be globalisation, rathe r it is outside(a)ization and regionalisation (Held et al, 1999 p10) and this planetaryisation depends on states acquiescence and support (Held et al, 1999 p10)Firstly, the term planetaryisation would be defined for clarification and the definition would serve as a telephone extension to my points.Secondly, this es aver would point out the relationship between globalisation and nation states, the institutions that arose with globalisation and how they affect nation states semipolitically, scotchally and culturally, with examples.Thirdly, I would raise arguments from the globalists and sceptics points of view my argument would show that nation states shed lost their power due(p) to the spread of globalisation and I would buttress my argument with citations and relative examples. I would also examine concerns (if any).Lastly, I would draw a conclusion which would submit my personal thoughts on globalisation and how it has affected nation states as a whole.A globalised world i s one in which political, economic, cultural, and social events become to a greater extent intercommitted.by globoseisation, we mean the increase of connectedness between societies (Baylis, J. et al, 20088)globalization, affects states, not unchanging political but culturally as well as economically. The connectivity of these states and their dependence on one an different for political stability, economic growth and cultural adjustment or aw beness is also a factor of Globalisation. Nation states atomic number 18 naturally dependent on themselves for different resources, it could be as a result of competition, power in the external arena, or simply, for sustenance to their testify economy (which whitethorn not be as rich).One study effect Globalisation has had on nation states was obviously the spread of the Global Crisis earlier this year. The crisis which was believed to take started in the fall in States seeped its way through other nation states and affected a large nu mber of countries economically. The idea of globalisation which relates to interconnectedness of states, broken barriers and borderless world seems to have played a gigantic role in spreading the Financial Crisis witnessed by nation states. bank buildings were shut down down as a result of illiquidity, not just in the United States but some countries in the EU, Brazil, and Japan etc. Unemployment order sky rocketed in countries like Nigeria. People were getting sacked from their jobs all over the world. Even though this economic crisis started in the United States, the fact that it has the biggest economy in the world and lots of other nation states were connected to its economy meant the downfall of these nation states too.It is safe to cite that international organisations or institutions have become the defining factor for most nation states in their global relations. The United Nations (for example) is the only international organization that has the billet over a states s ecurity and economic developments, encompasses the protection of human rights and..the environment (Taylor Curtis in J. Baylis et al, 2008 p.314). This further explains the effect of globalisation on nation states. Due to the tribal and religious wars in Africa and Asia, for example, The UN stepped in to examine these conflicts. Nation States now have to rely on these international organisations in times of conflicts particularly when they cannot knead their problems on their own. The United Nations was created in 1945 and hosts different positions such as UNICEF which assists children WHO which works on global public health and the UNHCR which provides aids to refugees. (Weiss, Forsyth Coates in OBrien Williams, 2007 p125). In this organisation, Weiss et al also state that the peace keeping/building of nation states are treated and looked into as well as some elections. (2007 p125). The United Nations is a very regent(postnominal) organisation because it makes its laws and c ompels nation states to abide by them, and not the other way round. Nation states have more benefits when they work with these international organisations in terms of the security they are being offered (most times).The gentlemans gentleman Trade Organisation (WTO) was created in 1995 and is usually affiliated with trade and economic activities. The organisation has support from some of the wealthiest economies in the world such as the nation states in the EU, the United States and Japan. Developing countries would argue that some of these international organisations do not favour them because they are real powerful and move to support the already developed countries in terms of these economic activities.The bestride of the Bretton Woods Institutions and its effect on Nation States.The Bretton Woods Conference in 1944 had a prominent effect on the world today. Out of this conference, two very great institutions The planetary Monetary Fund (IMF) and The cosmos vernacular emerge d (OBrien Williams 2007, pp. 209-210). The IMF was the regulatory body that nation states had to apply to, to be part of the gilt standard constitution. This policy meant that the dollar would be the worlds money and would be supplant for gold to determine its worth. The policy did not hold but the IMF is still the body in charge of global trade and interest evaluate (OBrien Williams 2007, pp. 86-89). More nation states were trading with each other therefore, it became necessary, with time, to have exchange rates. The decision on what a dollar is to a pound is ground on the outcome of what the IMF has concluded not the nation states.The World Bank on the other hand is known as the lender of the choke resort. Although, it claims to benefit nation states in crisis by bailing them out, there are also strict rules governing this procedure. The World Bank has the final say on which countries are benefitting from whatever money it would lend. The Nation States are all in all un der their control here, they play no significant role their only role is to fulfil all the rules the World Bank has set, and they just powerfulness be eligible for these monies.Ngaire Woods describes the IMF and World Bank as The Globalizers. She says that they have inculcated a good number of nation states into world economy by advising the governments of these states to be more open to investments and capital, and to allow for global trade (2006, p 3). She also states that they have presented globalisation as a solution to challenges they have faced in the world economy (2006, p3)Another major effect globalisation has had in nation states (especially in recent years) is in the theatre of Migration. In the EU states, the schengen visa makes it possible to visit as many states as there are in the EU. Years ago, one would have needed 12 different visas to visit 12 different countries in the European Union, but today, with the spread of globalisation, one visa gets you to those 12 n ation states. The sceptics like Hirst and Thompson might argue that although, we are seeing the emergence of these international organisations (in this case, the EU), which might have a say in national policies, stack are less mobile than moneythey remain nationalized, dependent on passports, visas, vestibule and comprehend qualifications (Hirst and Thompson,1999 p257). Thereby arguing that in fact, we do not hump in a borderless world rules in terms of migration are still made by the nation states.Globalists can defend their theories here that although individuals whitethorn need visas to move around countries, it is still the organisations that determine the nature of these visas especially in the EU where a visa to Italy equates a visa to France.Currencies are no longer national, that is, peculiar to their nation states. The Euro, for example is being utilise by nation states in the European Union. The use of this single currency by countries in the European Union has made it possible to disturb barriers (if any) of economic trade across EU nation states. This was implemented, not by the nation states but by the European Monetary System. Globalisation has affected the states in the sense that they had no option than to give into the use of this super acid currency or face the threat of having a depreciating currency that would eventually lead to a depreciated economy. Therefore the benefit of being in a unit saves exposure in the case of Recession etc.It is no shock that the nation states with the most powerful economies have the most amounts of Multi National Corporations. A survey done in 2006 by selective information from Fortune shows that the top 25 (twenty five) MNCs in the world consist of golf-club in the United States, thirteen in the EU countries and two in Japan. Twenty four out of the twenty five largest corporations (by revenues) are for the wealthiest states (OBrien Williams, 2007 p175). This shows how relevant these MNCs are to thei r nations economy.MNCs now find their ways into different nation states with boom economies to make profit from them. Borders are broken when a US found MNC decides to have an operating base in China, for example. The above citation goes to bear that MNCs are no longer nation-owned but actually control the nations in the sense that they move to whichever state they want to be situated.THE CONCERN mouth as an individual from a third world country, it is easy to say that there is a major concern and it is rightly justified in the sense that these governing international bodies which have been springing up due to the spread of globalisation, has still been one-sided.Politically, in 2007, Nigeria witnessed the election of President Umaru Yaradua. Usually, during elections, the US organises an electoral military commission to oversee the process, qualification sure it is free and fair. During the elections, the national television authority in Nigeria (NTA) announced that some of th e ballot boxes had gone missing during the origin of the elections. Of course, that meant that something was not right. The individuals sent by the Electoral Commission went on international television (CNN) and announced that they had, in fact, over seen the elections and it was free and fair so whatever the result, the election was a success. Now, to whos benefit? Is it to the Nigerian public? The Nigerian Politicians? Or the United States electoral body sent to conduct these elections?Culturally, norms and value are deteriorating speedily. In todays society, globalisation of the media and internet has made it easy to have access to Hollywood and the Western fashion. It is very easy to get lost in the world of pornography (easy access through the internet where restrictions are not followed), under aged drinking is more prominent with the callowness today because they see their favourite stars on television and they believe its the norm. Nation States cannot stop these infringem ents into their societies because as they have embraced globalisation, they have welcomed its positive and negative results.We are aware of the show down that took place in sports recently. The World loving cup qualifiers between France and Ireland, to be more specific. A controversial destruction was scored by William Gallass of France after Thierry Henry (France captain) was said to have handled the ball and passed it. The goal was allowed by the referee and France qualified on that note. After much contest and a million highlights of that moment, The Irish football association (as a nation state) challenges FIFA (Federation Internationale de football Association) which is in charge of regulating laws concerning football internationally, to replay the match for a fair result. FIFA ruled against it and France was named as one of the countries participating in the world cup next year. The questions here are direct Does France deserve to be in the world cup? More of the essence(p)l y, is France in the world shape because Sepp Blatter, the FIFA president is close friends with French man Michel Platini, the UEFA (Union of European Football associations) president?It is notable that FIFA and UEFA, the football governing bodies have the final decision on whatever happens on the pitch, sometimes, it could be a wrong call and nation states that are reportedly treated unfairly have no say in these matters.In my opinion, drawing concerns from globalisation is very crucial to nation states. Globalisations effect on nation states, as important as it may be, calls for a lot of attention and scrutiny. The systems that have come up as a result of our globalising world have not been entirely fair, because in the end, who are those governing in these international organisations and MNCs? Who are those in power making all these decisions? They are the people with hegemony, with power and wealth who are able to control nation states and make them puppets. They are the capita lists whose ultimate goal is to make profit, so we should definitely be concerned since it affects us globally. Globalisation is not successful until concerns are next to irrelevant. Every nation state should be able to benefit from the spread of globalisation, but at the moment, the powerful states are only getting more powerful, sapping resources form the developing countries by situating MNCs strategically. Nation states now go out of their way to create a more suitable business environment because these MNCs chose the best possible location involving cheap labour to situate their business. Therefore, states now compete with each other to be more and more favourable to the MNCs, most times, at the fortune of their citizens.Generally, it would be of less concern if it benefitted the whole world equally. Concerns have move because some nation states are being treated with more advantages than others.In concluding, the nation states played a huge role in policy making which affect ed individuals but with the spread of globalisation, states roles became very limited and less conspicuous in these political arenas. Territorial boundaries were becoming less important because they became more connected to one another (the states), flows of technology such as the internet and satellite made views and news more global there by restricting in determining what its individuals are exposed to, movements became globalised such as the NGOs, INGOs flows of capital ran through borders and the media made everything recognisable especially through the consistent rise of Hollywood (the US film industry).Ohmae conceptualizes my idea on globalisation and how it affects nation states when he describes the states as a dysfunctional unitrepresents no shared community of economic interest (1990, p.24). It is clear that nation states are now being governed by external forces, whether it is the MNCs, the International Organisations, the NGOs or INGOs and it is important to note that m ost organisations are in business for profit making so the best possible state with the least possible labour would be a recipient of their businesses.However, many arguments may arise over the concerns of globalisation and how it affects nation states. Some may argue that it has enriched their nations economy others may argue that it has given their nation states more exposure on the international scene, but a nation state that cannot make its own decisions because of a governing body is almost powerless. Decision making, governing its people, security for its citizens and most importantly, culture of a nations people should be overseen by its government.BIBLIOGRAPHYBaylis, J., Smith, S., Owens, P. (2008) The Globalisation of World Politics An Introduction to International Relations, quaternate translation (New York Oxford University Press)Held, D. Mc Grew, A., Goldblatt, D. Perraton, J. (1999) The Global Transformations Politics, Economics Culture (Cambridge Polity Press)Hirs t, P. Thompson, G. (1999) Globalisation in Question, 2nd version (Cambridge Polity Press)OBrien, R. and Williams, M. (2007) Global Political parsimoniousness Evolution Dynamics, 2nd edition (New York Palgrave Macmillan)Ohmae, K. (1990) The Borderless World Power and Strategy in the Inter linked Economy (London Fontana)Stone, D. Wright, C. (2007) The World Bank and Governance A Decade of Reform and reception (New York Routledge)Taylor, P. Curtis, D. (2008) The United Nations in Baylis, J. et al, The Globalization of World Politics An Introduction to International Relations, 4th edition (New York Oxford University Press) pp. 314-315Weiss, Forsyth Coates (2001) International Organisation and Governance in OBrien, R. Williams, M., Global Political Economy Evolution Dynamics, 2nd edition (New York Palgrave Maxmillian) Pg 125Woods, N. (2006) The Globalizers the IMF, the World Bank their borrowers (New York Cornell University Press)Woods, N. (2008) International Political Economy in an age of Globalization John Baylis, J. et al, The Globalisation of World Politics An Introduction to International Relations, 4th edition (New York Oxford University Press) pp. 244-258